Web Page Generation System

ABSTRACT

A method, apparatus and computer program product for displaying a web page. Metadata describing a web page is received by a client data processing system. The metadata defines what the web page looks like without content for the web page. The content needed for the web page based on the metadata is identified by the client data processing system. The content for the web page is obtained by the client data processing system. The web page using the metadata and the content is created by the client data processing system without using a markup language. The web page on a graphical user interface on the client data processing system is displayed by the client data processing system.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is related to the following U.S. patent applications: U.S. Ser. No. ______, Attorney Docket No. ES2014045-1, entitled “Web Page Design System”, and U.S. Ser. No. ______, Attorney Docket No. ES2014045-3, entitled “Web Page Generation System”, each of which is filed even date hereof, assigned to the same assignee, and incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

1. Field

The present disclosure relates generally to an improved computer system and, in particular, to a method and apparatus for generating pages. Still more particularly, the present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for generating web pages for display on a browser.

2. Background

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks. The Internet is commonly used to access information resources and services. These information resources and services include documents and applications. In particular, the World Wide Web is an information system accessed via the Internet. This information system is a collection of documents that are linked to each other. These documents are called web pages.

The web pages may be accessed through an application called a web browser on a computer. This application facilitates retrieving, presenting, and traversing information using web pages. A web page may include text, images, video, multimedia components, or other information. In addition, the web page navigation components are in the form of hyperlinks which are often referred to as just links.

A web page may have fixed content and dynamic content. The fixed content may be particular areas in the web page. The dynamic content may be advertisements. In another example, the dynamic content may be information requested by the user. For example, a user may send a request to view banking transactions, current balances, order histories, and other information that may be specific to the user.

Currently, a user requests a web page by selecting a link on a current web page, entering a universal resource locator, or through some other action using a browser. The requested web page is typically generated by a Web page server in a remote location and sent to the browser.

For example, the requested web page may be generated using hypertext markup language (HTML), cascading style sheets (CSS), and Java code for the web page. The hypertext markup language may define static content for the web page. The cascading style sheets describe the look and formatting for the web page. The Java code may be used to generate dynamic content for the web page. The generation of the dynamic content may be performed using a Java service page (JSP) servlet located on the web page server. This dynamically generated web page is then returned to the browser.

The generation of the web pages uses resources on the web page server. For example, the web page server interprets the markup language, scripts, and other code for the web page to generate the web page that is sent to the browser for display. If the amount of traffic on a web page server is high enough, the generation of the web page and sending the web page to the browser may take more time than desired.

For example, a web page server for a popular website may have requests in the thousands per second or tens of thousands per second during high levels of traffic at the website. With this level of traffic, requests may be handled by multiple web page servers to avoid undesired levels of response times for web pages.

As a result, hosting a website may require many web page servers on many different computers to handle times of high traffic. Estimates of traffic or a history of traffic may be used identify the amount of resources needed for a website to handle high levels of traffic and avoid undesired delays in sending web pages in response to requests for the web pages.

The resources are unused or underutilized at times when traffic is lower. As a result, these resources may be wasted at these times.

Therefore, it would be desirable to have a method and apparatus that take into account at least some of the issues discussed above, as well as other possible issues. For example, it would be desirable to have a method and apparatus that overcome the technical problem of having sufficient resources for web page servers to generate web pages.

SUMMARY

An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for displaying a web page. Metadata describing a web page is received by a client data processing system. The metadata defines what the web page looks like without content for the web page. The content needed for the web page based on the metadata is identified by the client data processing system. The content for the web page is obtained by the client data processing system. The web page using the metadata and the content is created by the client data processing system without using a markup language. The web page on a graphical user interface on the client data processing system is displayed by the client data processing system.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure provides an apparatus comprising a display system and a web page generator in a client data processing system in communication with the display system. The web page generator receives metadata describing a web page. The metadata defines what the web page looks like without content for the web page; identifies the content needed for the web page based on the metadata; obtains the content for the web page; creates the web page using the metadata and the content without using a markup language; and displays the web page on a graphical user interface on the client data processing system.

Yet another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer program product for displaying a web page. The computer program product comprises a computer readable storage media, and first program code, second program code, third program code, fourth program code, and fifth program code stored on the computer readable storage media. The first program code receives metadata describing the web page by a client data processing system. The metadata defines what the web page looks like without content for the web page. The second program code identifies the content needed for the web page based on the metadata by the client data processing system. The third program code obtains the content for the web page by the client data processing system. The fourth program code creates the web page using the metadata and the content by the client data processing system without a using markup language. The fifth program code displays the web page on a graphical user interface on the client data processing system by the client data processing system.

The features and functions can be achieved independently in various embodiments of the present disclosure or may be combined in yet other embodiments in which further details can be seen with reference to the following description and drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The novel features believed characteristic of the illustrative embodiments are set forth in the appended claims. The illustrative embodiments, however, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objectives and features thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment of the present disclosure when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a block diagram of an information environment in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 2 is an illustration of a block diagram of data flow for designing web pages in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 3 is an illustration of a block diagram of objects in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 4 is an illustration of a block diagram of metadata in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 5 is an illustration of a block diagram of a layout in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 6 is an illustration of a block diagram of objects in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 7 is an illustration of a block diagram of rules in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 8 is an illustration of a graphical user interface for designing a web page in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 9 is an illustration of a graphical user interface for designing a web page in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 10 is an illustration of a graphical user interface for designing a view in a web page in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 11 is an illustration of a graphical user interface for displaying a preview of a web page in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 12 is an illustration of a graphical user interface for displaying a source view of a web page in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 13 is an illustration of a block diagram of data flow for creating and displaying web pages in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 14 is an illustration of another block diagram of data flow for creating and displaying web pages in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 15 is an illustration of a flowchart of a process for designing a web page in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 16 is an illustration of a flowchart of a process for designing a web page in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 17 is an illustration of a flowchart of a process for displaying a web page in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 18 is an illustration of a flowchart of a process for displaying a web page in accordance with an illustrative embodiment; and

FIG. 19 is an illustration of a block diagram of a data processing system in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The illustrative embodiments recognize and take into account one or more different considerations. For example, the illustrative embodiments recognize and take into account that currently used systems for designing web pages often do not allow a designer to focus on designing a web page as much as desired. The illustrative embodiments recognize and take into account that with currently used web page design systems, a designer often needs to have knowledge about markup languages, web servers, or other technical areas.

Thus, the illustrative embodiments provide a method and apparatus for designing a web page. In one illustrative example, a method is presented for designing a web page. A computer system displays objects in a graphical user interface in a display system. The objects are selectable for use in designing the web page. The computer system generates metadata for the web page based on a user input selecting a group of the objects for the web page, wherein the metadata describes the web page. The computer system creates a preview of the web page from the metadata and displays the preview of the web page in the graphical user interface in the display system.

With reference now to the figures and, in particular, with reference to FIG. 1, an illustration of a block diagram of an information environment is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In this illustrative example, information environment 100 includes information system 102. Information system 102 provides access to information 106 stored in database 107. As depicted, database 107 may be a storage system in a single location or may be distributed.

For example, web page server 108 sends information 106 to client data processing systems 110 operated by users. In this illustrative example, client data processing systems 110 are hardware systems that may include software. For example, client data processing systems 110 may be selected from at least one of a computer, a server computer, a workstation, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a mobile phone, or some other suitable data processing system that may be used by users 104.

As used herein, the phrase “at least one of,” when used with a list of items, means different combinations of one or more of the listed items may be used and only one of each item in the list may be needed. In other words, “at least one of” means any combination of items and number of items may be used from the list but not all of the items in the list are required. The item may be a particular object, thing, or a category.

For example, without limitation, “at least one of item A, item B, or item C” may include item A, item A and item B, or item B. This example also may include item A, item B, and item C or item B and item C. Of course, any combinations of these items may be present. In some illustrative examples, “at least one of” may be, for example, without limitation, two of item A; one of item B; and ten of item C; four of item B and seven of item C; or other suitable combinations.

In this illustrative example, a portion of information 106 takes the form of documents 112. As depicted, documents 112 may be web pages 114 that are displayed on client data processing systems 110.

As depicted, web pages 114 are designed using web page designer 116. For example, web page 118 may be designed by operator 120 interacting with web page designer 116.

Web page designer 116 may be implemented in software, hardware, firmware, or a combination thereof. When software is used, the operations performed by web page designer 116 may be implemented in program code configured to run on hardware, such as a processor unit. When firmware is used, the operations performed by web page designer 116 may be implemented in program code and data and stored in persistent memory to run on a processor unit. When hardware is employed, the hardware may include circuits that operate to perform the operations in web page designer 116.

In the illustrative examples, the hardware may take the form of a circuit system, an integrated circuit, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device, or some other suitable type of hardware configured to perform a number of operations. With a programmable logic device, the device may be configured to perform the number of operations. The device may be reconfigured at a later time or may be permanently configured to perform the number of operations. Programmable logic devices include, for example, a programmable logic array, programmable array logic, a field programmable logic array, a field programmable gate array, and other suitable hardware devices. Additionally, the processes may be implemented in organic components integrated with inorganic components and may be comprised entirely of organic components excluding a human being. For example, the processes may be implemented as circuits in organic semiconductors.

As depicted, web page designer 116 may be implemented in data processing system 122 within computer system 124. Computer system 124 is a hardware system that includes one or more data processing systems. When more than one data processing system is present, those data processing systems may be in communication with each other using a communications medium. The communications medium may be a network. The data processing systems may be selected from at least one of a computer, a server computer, a tablet, or some other suitable data processing system.

In the illustrative example, display system 126 and input device 128 are in communication with data processing system 122. These components aid operator 120 in interacting with web page designer 116.

A display system is a hardware system and includes one or more display devices on which graphical user interface 130 may be displayed. The display devices may include at least one of a light-emitting diode display (LED), a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light-emitting diode display (OLED), or some other suitable device on which graphical user interface 130 can be displayed. Operator 120 may interact with graphical user interface 130 through user input 132 generated by input device 128. Input device 128 may be, for example, a mouse, a keyboard, a trackball, a touchscreen, a stylus, or some other suitable type of input device.

In operation, web page designer 116 in data processing system 122 displays objects 134 in graphical user interface 130 in display system 146. As depicted, objects 134 are selectable for use in designing web page 118.

In the illustrative example, an object in objects 134 is used in web page 118. The object may be selected from one of a graphical element, a functional element, a script, a graphical control, or some other object that is used in web page 118. A functional element performs some step, operation, or function. The functional element may not be visible. The functional element may be a script, a plug in, an extension, or some other suitable component.

Web page designer 116 generates metadata 136 for web page 118 based on user input 132 selecting a group of objects 134 for web page 118. As used herein, a “group of,” when used with reference to items, means one or more items. For example, a group of objects 134 is one or more of objects 134.

Web page designer 116 generates metadata 136 in a number different ways. For example, in generating metadata 136, web page designer 116 may perform at least one of creating new data for metadata 136, modifying metadata 136, or some other suitable action. Thus, metadata 136 may be entirely new metadata. In some cases, metadata 136 may be generated from modifying existing metadata.

In this illustrative example, metadata 136 describes web page 118. For example, metadata 136 may describe at least one of what information is to be displayed, how the information is to be displayed, and where the information is to be displayed in web page 118.

In generating metadata 136 for web page 118, web page designer 116 does not generate hypertext markup language or cascading style sheets for web page 118. Web page designer 116 does not generate markup language for web page 118 because web page 118 is described using metadata 136. The markup language may be, for example, hypertext markup language or cascading style sheets.

In the illustrative example, web page designer 116 creates preview 138 of web page 118 from metadata 136. Web page designer 116 displays preview 138 of web page 118 in graphical user interface 130 in display system 126.

Preview 138 is how web page 118 will look when displayed on one of client data processing systems 110. In preview 138, web page 118 may not be complete. As a result, preview 138 may show how web page 118 will look on client data processing systems 110 as currently designed. In other words, preview 138 does not require web page 118 to be completed.

Additionally, preview 138 may include content 139 for web page 118. Also, content 139 used in preview 138 may be in a language that is selected based on one of the location of client data processing systems 140 and a user preference for the languages.

As depicted, content 139 is something that is to be expressed in web page 118, as opposed to describing how or what something looks like in web page 118. Content 139 may include at least one of text, images, video, audio, graphics, or other information that is put into web page 118. In contrast, metadata 136 describes what web page 118 looks like. For example, metadata 136 may describe what information is to be displayed, how the information is to be displayed, and where the information is to be displayed in web page 118.

Once web page 118 is completed, web page designer 116 stores web page 118 in database 107 with web pages 114. As depicted, the storage of web page 118 is storing metadata 136 for web page 118. Other ones of web pages 114 also may have metadata 136 that describe how those ones of web pages 114 will look when displayed on client data processing systems 110. In storing metadata 136 in database 107 for web page 118, web page designer 116 does not store markup language for web page 118. Web page designer 116 does not store markup language for web page 118 because web page 118 is described using metadata 136.

Web page designer 116 may retrieve metadata 136 for web page 118 from database 107 after metadata 136 has been saved in database 107. For example, web page designer 116 may retrieve metadata 136 to make modifications to metadata 136 for web page 118. In this manner, operator 120 may modify existing web pages in web pages 114.

In the illustrative example, client data processing system 140 in client data processing systems 110 may access and display web pages 114. For example, after web page 118 is designed using web page designer 116, client data processing system 140 may retrieve metadata 136 for web page 118.

In this illustrative example, metadata 136 for web page 118 may be obtained from web page server 108. Web page server 108 may retrieve metadata 136 for web page 118 from database 107. In this illustrative example, web page server 108 is not used to retrieve markup language for web page 118. Metadata 136 is obtained from web page server 108 because web page 118 is described using metadata 136.

Client data processing system 140 in client data processing systems 110 receives metadata 136 describing web page 118. In this illustrative example, browser 142 in client data processing system 140 displays web page 118. For example, web page 118 is displayed by browser 142 in graphical user interface 144 in display system 146 for client data processing system 140.

In this illustrative example, browser 142 is a program or application. Browser 142 in graphical user interface 144 displays web page 118 in graphical user interface 144 in display system 146. Browser 142 is configured to interpret web pages 114 received from web page server 108 to display web pages 114. For example, browser 142 may interpret markup language, metadata 136, and other information to display web pages 114.

As depicted, metadata 136 defines what web page 118 looks like without content 139 for web page 118. In this illustrative example, client data processing system 140 identifies content 139 needed for web page 118 based on metadata 136. In this illustrative example, content 139 is stored and retrieved from database 107.

As depicted, content 139 may be a portion of information 106 that is displayed in web page 118. The client data processing system obtains content 139 for web page 118.

With content 139, web page generator 150 in client data processing system 140 creates web page 118 using metadata 136 and content 139 without using a markup language. For example, web page generator 150 may create at least one of a document object model data structure for web page 118 or some other suitable type of data structure for web page 118. These data structures generated by web page generator 150 for web page 118 do not have markup language. Markup languages are selected from at least one of hypertext markup languages, cascading style sheets, or other suitable types of markup languages.

Because markup languages may have different versions, these markup languages may not support features described by metadata 136. Using metadata 136 to generate web page 118 without using a markup language may result in a more accurate and uniform representation of web page 118 when displayed on client data processing system 140.

In the illustrative example, web page generator 150 displays web page 118 on graphical user interface 144 in display system 146 for client data processing system 140. The display of web page 118, in this example, does not use browser 142.

In another illustrative example, web page generator 150 may send web page 118 to browser 142. Browser 142 may then display web page 118 without using a markup language.

In still another illustrative example, web page generator 150 may be a module located in browser 142. As a module, web page generator 150 creates web page 118 in browser 142 without using a markup language. Browser 142 may then display web page 118. In other words, web page generator 150 enables browser 142 to display web page 118 that is based on metadata 136 and content 139.

Thus, the illustrative examples provide a method and apparatus for designing web pages. In one illustrative example, a method and apparatus provide one or more technical solutions that overcome the technical problem of the knowledge and experience about web page servers needed to design web pages. In another illustrative example, a method and apparatus provide one or more technical solutions that overcome the technical problem of designing web pages for display on different types of browsers. In the technical solution, the process implemented in web page designer 116 using metadata 136 has a technical effect that avoids operator 120 needing knowledge and experience about web page server 108. Additionally, the technical solution provided by this process has a technical effect of reducing the need for operator 120 to design web page 118 on different types of browsers to see whether web page 118 has a desired display on those browsers. Metadata 136 describes web page 118 and is not browser dependent in this illustrative example.

Thus, operator 120 may focus on designing web page 118 rather than identifying differences in the manner in which web page 118 may be displayed on different browsers. Additionally, operator 120 does not need to access or have knowledge or experience about web page server 108. Operator 120 may focus on designing web page 118 for a particular look, feel, function, or other goal.

The illustrative example also solves the technical problem of having insufficient resources for Web page servers to generate web pages. In the illustrative example, a technical solution is present in which client data processing system 140 generates web page 118 using metadata 136 for web page 118. Additionally, client data processing system 140 also retrieves content 139 for use in generating web page 118.

The technical effect is reducing resources that are needed for web page server 108. For example, web page server 108 may only send metadata 136 and does not need to use resources to generate web page 118. As a result, times at which web pages 114 are generated with a lower than desired time may be reduced. Further, web pages 114 may be displayed more quickly on client data processing systems 110 even when high levels of traffic are present on web page server 108 in the illustrative example.

For example, current web page servers process the markup language for a web page and find the content for the web page. The current web page servers then send the web page and the content to the browser on the client data processing system to display.

In contrast, web page server 108 sends metadata 136 for web page 118 to client data processing system 140. Web page generator 150 in client data processing system 140 processes metadata 136 to form a visualization for web page 118 that is displayed in graphical user interface 144 in display system 146. Also, in this example, web page generator 150 also requests content 139 for web page 118. Web page generator 150 displays web page 118 with content 139 for web page 118.

As a result, the technical effect is that less processing resources are needed for web page server 108 in data processing system 122. Also, web pages 114 may be displayed more quickly in client data processing systems 110 even when high traffic is present for web page server 108. The quicker display occurs because lower wait time is present for obtaining metadata 136 from web page server 108 as compared to current processes that deliver web pages.

In the illustrative example, data processing system 122 operates as a special purpose computer in which web page designer 116 in data processing system 122 enables a more efficient design of web page 118. For example, web page designer 116 reduces the knowledge and experience about web page servers needed by operator 120. Web page designer 116 also creates metadata 136 in a manner that avoids operator 120 from having to view preview 138 of web page 118 on different types of browsers to determine whether web page 118 will be displayed in a desired manner on different types of browsers. In particular, web page designer 116 transforms data processing system 122 into a special purpose computer as compared to currently available general purpose computers that do not have web page designer 116.

Data processing system 122 transforms information 106 such that information 106 has a different function or has a different use. For example, web pages 114 are stored as metadata 136 in database 107. Metadata 136 is transformed into a form for display on graphical user interface 130 in display system 126 for data processing system 122. This transformation occurs when generating preview 138 of web page 118. In other words, a visualization of web pages 114 may be generated as compared to the manner in which web pages 114 are stored in database 107.

Additionally, a similar transformation of information 106 also occurs when displaying web page 118 in graphical user interface 144 in display system 146 for client data processing system 140. Additionally, in displaying web page 118 as preview 138 in graphical user interface 130 in display system 126 for data processing system 122, or displaying web page 118 using browser 142 in graphical user interface 144 in display system 146 in client data processing system 140, content 139 may be identified and placed in web page 118 using metadata 136. These and the other transformations of information 106 in the illustrative example are more than a mere display of information 106 stored in database 107.

The illustration of information environment 100 in FIG. 1 is not meant to imply physical or architectural limitations to the manner in which an illustrative embodiment may be implemented. Other components in addition to or in place of the ones illustrated may be used. Some components may be unnecessary. Also, the blocks are presented to illustrate some functional components. One or more of these blocks may be combined, divided, or combined and divided into different blocks when implemented in an illustrative embodiment.

For example, in addition to storing metadata 136 for web pages 114, other web pages may be present in addition to or in place of web pages 114 that are described using markup languages such as hypertext markup language (HTML), extensible markup language (XML), or some other suitable type of markup language. These types of web pages, however, may require different versions for different types of browsers in order to have a desired consistency for how the web pages are displayed on client data processing systems 110.

As another illustrative example, metadata 136 for web page 118 may be obtained from other locations other than from web page server 108. For example, metadata 136 may be located in a local cache in a client data processing system, a proxy server, a data processing system that is remote to data processing system 122, or some other location. In this example, data processing system 122 is a first data processing system and the data processing system that is remote to data processing system 122 is a second data processing system.

As another example, content 139 may be located in other locations other than database 107. For example, content 139 may be obtained from another server other than web page server 108.

In other illustrative examples, a copy of content 139 may be stored locally on client data processing system 140. In these other illustrative examples, accessing the copy of content 139 stored locally on client data processing system 140 enables web page designer 116 to create preview 138 with content 139 without accessing a server for content 139.

With reference next to FIG. 2, an illustration of a block diagram of data flow for designing web pages is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In this figure, an example of data flow for a process for designing metadata 136 for web pages 114 through web page designer 116 is shown. In the illustrative examples, the same reference numeral may be used in more than one figure. This reuse of a reference numeral in different figures represents the same element in the different figures.

In this illustrative example, web page designer 116 has a number of different components. As used herein, a “number of items” means one or more items. For example, a number of different components means one or more components.

As depicted, web page designer 116 includes control module 200, design module 201, and preview module 202. Web page designer 116 uses these components to generate web pages 114. Web page designer 116 generates web pages 114 by at least one of creating new web pages or modifying existing web pages in web pages 114.

As depicted, control module 200 creates first metadata 204 for first web page 205 when operator 120 creates first web page 205 interacting with control module 200. For example, control module 200 may create first metadata 204 using objects selected by operator 120 for first web page 205. In other words, the presence of objects may be initially absent in first metadata 204 when web page designer 116 is being used to create first web page 205. First web page 205 is an example of web page 118 and first metadata 204 in metadata 136 is an example of metadata 136 for web page 118.

In this particular example, control module 200 retrieves first metadata 204 for first web page 205 from database 107 when operator 120 modifies first web page 205. Control module 200 sends first metadata 204 and second metadata 207 to design module 201. Control module 200 also sends first metadata 204 to preview module 202.

Control module 200 receives changes to first metadata 204 through user input 132 as illustrated in this figure. Control module 200 stores first metadata 204 for first web page 205 in database 107.

As depicted, design module 201 receives first metadata 204 for first web page 205 and second metadata 207 for second web page 208 from control module 200. Design module 201 creates design view 209 from second metadata 207 for second web page 208. In this illustrative example, design view 209 is displayed in graphical user interface 130. Design view 209 is an interface displayed by design module 201 to operator 120.

In this illustrative example, design view 209 is used by operator 120 to visually design web pages 114. The designing of web pages 114 may include creating new web pages in web pages 114, modifying existing web pages in web pages 114, or some combination thereof.

In displaying design view 209, design module 201 in web page designer 116 displays objects 210 and selected objects 211 in second web page 208. Second web page 208 is generated by design module 201 from second metadata 207. Second metadata 207 may be stored and retrieved from database 107 in this example.

Thus, database 107 may include metadata 136 for web pages 114 that are accessed by client data processing systems 140. Additionally, database 107 also may include second metadata 207 for second web page 208 for design view 209 used by operator 120 at data processing system 122. In other illustrative examples, second metadata 207 may be stored in other locations, such as in data processing system 122.

As depicted, second web page 208 forms design view 209 in graphical user interface 130. Operator 120 interacts with design view 209 to design first web page 205. In other words, design view 209 may be a web page similar to web page 118 and web pages 114 that are designed by operator 120.

In this illustrative example, the process includes generating metadata 136 for web pages 114. For example, first web page 205 may be modified by modifying first metadata 204 for first web page 205 through operator 120 interacting with second web page 208. As depicted, design module 201 creates design view 209 to receive user input 132 for generating first metadata 204 for first web page 205.

As shown in this figure, design view 209 includes objects 210 and a group of selected objects 211. Objects 210 are examples of objects 134 in FIG. 1. In the illustrative example, one or more of objects 210 may be added to the group of selected objects 211 through user input 132.

As depicted, design module 201 identifies the group of selected objects 211 from first metadata 204. Design module 201 also identifies selected metadata 212 for the group of selected objects 211 from first metadata 204. Selected metadata 212 is first metadata 204 for first web page 205. Design module 201 displays the group of selected objects 211 in design view 209 based on selected metadata 212.

In this illustrative example, control module 200 receives user input 132 at design view 209 displayed in graphical user interface 128 through input device 128. Design module 201 receives new object 214 from user input 132 through control module 200. New object 214 is an object that is used to create an object for first web page 205. For example, new object 214 may be a button that operator 120 adds to first web page 205.

Operator 120 may identify new object 214 through user input 132 that selects new object 214 in objects 210. For example, user input 132 may be a drag and drop operation of new object 214 from objects 210 to the group of selected objects 211.

As depicted, design module 201 receives selected object 216 from user input 132 through control module 200. Selected object 216 is an object selected from the group of selected objects 211. Design module 201 displays selected metadata 212 for selected object 216 when selected object 216 is received.

Design module 201 receives selected metadata 218 from user input 132 through control module 200. Selected metadata 218 is at least one of user input that creates selected metadata 212 for selected objects 211 or user input that changes selected metadata 212 for selected objects 211.

In this illustrative example, control module 200 modifies first metadata 204 based on changes to the group of selected objects 211 and selected metadata 212. For example, when new object 214 is added to the group of selected objects 211 in design view 209, control module 200 also adds new object 214 to first metadata 204.

Control module 200 receives selected command 220 through input device 128. Selected command 220 is a command to perform at least one of retrieving first metadata 204, storing first metadata 204, generating preview 138 based on first metadata 204, generating design view 209 based on first metadata 204, or some other suitable action.

In this illustrative example, control module 200 retrieves first metadata 204 for first web page 205 from database 107 when the command to retrieve first metadata 204 is received. Control module 200 also sends first metadata 204 to design module 201 and preview module 202 when the command to retrieve first metadata 204 is received. As depicted, control module 200 stores first metadata 204 in database 107 when the command to store first metadata 204 is received.

The illustration of data flow for designing web page 118 shown in FIG. 2 is not meant to imply physical or architectural limitations to the manner in which an illustrative embodiment may be implemented. Other components in addition to or in place of the ones illustrated may be used. Some components may be unnecessary. Also, the blocks are presented to illustrate some functional components. One or more of these blocks may be combined, divided, or combined and divided into different blocks when implemented in an illustrative embodiment.

For example, instead of displaying design view 209 in second web page 208, design module 201 may display design view 209 in any suitable type of window in graphical user interface 130. In this example, design module 201 may create the window in graphical user interface 130 for which design module 201 displays design view 209.

As another example, design module 201 may create second web page 208 in a window for a browser. In this example, the browser displays the window in graphical user interface 130.

With reference now to FIG. 3, an illustration of a block diagram of objects is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In this illustrative example, objects 300 are examples of objects 134 in FIG. 1 and objects 210 in FIG. 2. Objects may be selected for a web page from objects 300 in this example.

As depicted, objects 300 include button 302, chart 304, check box 306, color picker 308, combo box 310, combo button 312, content box 314, currency 316, custom 318, date 320, drop down list 322, link 324, text 326, text area 328, text box 330, and view 332.

In this illustrative example, view 332 is an object that includes a group of objects with a layout. A layout for a group of objects is a description of how the group of objects are arranged relative to each other on a graphical user interface when the group of objects are displayed. For example, view 332 may be included in metadata for a web page for storing information for the group of objects included in view 332 and information for the layout of the group of objects. This information is placed into the metadata for the web page.

In these illustrative examples, a portion of the objects in the group of objects included in view 332 may also be views. These views, in turn include other groups of objects. These views are used to form a hierarchy for the objects for the web page. As depicted, the hierarchy represents parent to child relationships for the objects. In other words, view 332 is an object that is the parent of a group of objects. The group of objects included in view 332 are children of view 332.

Button 302 is an object in a web page that displays text. Button 302 is selectable. Selecting button 302 performs an action for the web page. This action is at least one of retrieving dynamic content for the web page, saving data entered into the web page, displaying another web page, or any other suitable type of action for a button on a web page. Chart 304 is a table that displays rows and columns of other objects in objects 300.

Currency 316 is an entry field for entering a monetary amount. The display of currency 316 is based on a format for currency for a selected locale. For example, if the selected locale is United States English, the monetary amount in currency 316 may be displayed in the format $xxx,xxx.xx. Custom 318 is an entry field with a custom format.

Objects 300 may also include at least one of additional types of objects, or different types of objects. For example, color picker 308 may not be included in objects 300. As another example, objects 300 may include a slider bar for selecting from a group of options with the slider bar.

Turning to FIG. 4, an illustration of a block diagram of metadata is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In this illustration, an example of a number of components of metadata 136 for web page 118 is shown.

As depicted, metadata 136 includes identifier 402, layout 404, rules 406, and service definitions 408. Identifier 402 points to web page 118. For example, identifier 402 may be a universal resource locator for web page 118. Layout 404 in metadata 136 is a layout for objects displayed on web page 118.

Rules 406 are in metadata 136. In the illustrative example, rules 406 are at least one of code that performs actions for objects in layout 404 or options used by code to perform actions for objects in layout 404. For example, if the layout for web page 118 includes a button, a rule in rules 406 for the button may be to execute code that performs an action for the button when a user input selects the button.

In this illustrative example, when a rule in rules 406 for an object in objects 300 in layout 404 is located in metadata 136, the rule is an embedded rule for the object. In other words, the rule in rules 406 is embedded in metadata 136 for the object for web page 118 when the rule is included in metadata 136 for the object for web page 118.

Service definitions 408 is configuration information for sending and receiving user data and content 139. User data is data in objects entered by an operator. For example, if the layout for web page 118 includes a text box for entering in text, the text entered by the operator is user data.

The configuration information in service definitions 408 includes at least one of json service definition configuration information, or other suitable types of service definition configuration information. For example, service definitions 408 may include information for using json objects through restful application programming interfaces to send and receive user data and content 139.

Turning next to FIG. 5, an illustration of a block diagram of a layout is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In this illustration, an example of a number of components of layout 404 in metadata 136 for web page 118 is shown.

In this illustrative example, layout 404 includes identifier 502, objects 504, and regions 506. Identifier 502 is alphanumeric characters for layout 404 used to identify layout 404 in web page 118. Objects 504 are a group of objects selected from objects 300.

Regions 506 are portions of web page 118 where objects 504 are located. Regions 506 include information describing locations of objects 504 relative to each other in these portions of web page 118 when web page 118 is displayed.

Turning now to FIG. 6, an illustration of a block diagram of objects is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In this illustration, an example of a number of components of objects 504 in layout 404 in metadata 136 for web page 118 is shown.

As depicted in this example, objects 504 include identifiers 602, attributes 604, and validations 606. Identifiers 602 are names for objects 504. These names may be used to identify one object from another in objects 504.

Attributes 604 are values for objects 504 that define objects 504. Attributes 604 include at least one of display characteristics, content, default selections, or other suitable types of attributes for objects 504.

In this illustrative example, validations 606 are at least one of code that validates objects 504 or options used by code to validate objects 504. For example, when the object is a date, the validation code may verify that the date entered by an operator is valid.

With reference to FIG. 7, an illustration of a block diagram of rules is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In this illustration, an example of a number of components of rules 406 in metadata 136 for web page 118 is shown.

In this illustrative example, rules 406 include service interactions 702, bindings 704, and compound validations 706. Service interactions 702 is code that performs actions based user input provided to objects 504 specified in layout 404 in metadata 136 for web page 118.

For example, service interactions 702 for objects 504 may include program code for generating an order form based on user input made to objects 504. In this depicted example, the program code for generating the order form in service interactions 702 is executed when user input made to objects 504 on web page 118 is received. For example, the order form may be a json object that is generated by service interactions 702.

As another example, service interactions 702 for objects 504 may include program code for calculating a value for an object in objects 504 based on user input provided to objects 504. In this example, the program code for calculating the value in service interactions 702 is executed when user input to objects 504 on web page 118 is received. For example, the value may be the output of an algorithm implemented by service interactions 702 for web page 118 that processes user input made to objects 504.

In this illustrative example, the program code for calculating the value may be a java script function. The following is an example of program code in service interactions 702 that calculates tax for an object in objects 504:

function calculateTax(salesPrice, taxRate) {

-   -   return salesPrice*taxRate;

}

document[objectName].value=

-   -   calculateTax(document[salesPriceInput].value,         -   document[taxRateInput].value);             where “document” is a data structure that includes objects             504, “salesPrice” and “taxRate” are parameters of the             function “calculateTax”, web page “salesPriceInput” and             “taxRateInput” are examples of objects in objects 504 in             which user input is present, and “objectName” is an example             of the object where the value calculated by the function             “calculateTax” is placed on web page 118.

In this illustrative example, the function “calculateTax” is executed on at least one of client data processing systems 110, data processing system 122, or web page server 108. When data used by a function in service interactions 702 is not provided to the function as a parameter of the function, the execution of the function may be restricted to a data processing system that has access to the data. For example, when a function in service interactions 702 accesses the data structure “document,” execution of the function may be restricted to the data processing system where “document” is present.

Bindings 704 is code that links user input and content in objects 504 to an application programming interface for sending and retrieving the user input and content. For example, a binding in bindings 704 for a text box in web page 118 may include code that sends the text entered into the text box as a json object using a restful application programming interface.

Compound validations 706 are codes that validate a group of objects 504. For example, when web page 118 includes a group of name and address text boxes, a compound validation for the group of name and address text boxes may include code that validates the name and address entered.

FIGS. 8-12 are diagrams of illustrative examples of a graphical user interface that may be used to design a web page. With reference first to FIG. 8, an illustration of a graphical user interface for designing a web page is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. As depicted, graphical user interface 800 is an example of one implementation for graphical user interface 130 shown in block form in FIG. 1.

In this illustrative example, graphical user interface 800 includes a number of different graphical elements in a number of different sections. As depicted, graphical user interface 800 includes options section 802, views section 804, and commands section 806.

Options section 802 includes drop down list 808 for selecting a web page from drop down list 808 as the web page being designed in graphical user interface 800. The web page being designed in graphical user interface 800 is an example of web page 118 shown in block form in FIG. 1.

Options section 802 also includes drop down list 810 for selecting the country being used for a group of language translations in graphical user interface 800. In this illustrative example, when the country selected in drop down list 810 is set to default, the country used is set to at least one of the country where data processing system 122 is located, the country where client data processing system 140 is located, or a preference selected by operator 120.

Options section 802 further includes drop down list 812 for selecting the role of operator 120 in using graphical user interface 800 to generate web page 118. As depicted, the role of operator 120 is selected from at least one of architect for generating web page 118, coder for generating rules in metadata for web page 118, translator for generating translations, or other suitable types of roles of operators that use graphical user interface 800.

In the illustrative example, the role selected specifies which changes to metadata for web page 118 are allowed by operator 120. For example, operator 120 may be allowed to create or modify translations and may not be allowed to make other types of changes when the role selected is translator.

In this illustrative example, drop down list 814 in options section 802 is for selecting the locale being used in graphical user interface 800. In this illustrative example, when the locale selected in drop down list 814 is set to default, the locale used is set to at least one of the default locale for the country where data processing system 122 is located, the locale for the country where client data processing system 140 is located, or a preference selected by operator 120.

As depicted, options section 802 still further includes tab 816 for selecting design view 817 to show design view 817 in views section 804, tab 818 for selecting a preview to show the preview in views section 804, and tab 820 for selecting a source view to show the source view in views section 804. In this illustrative example, tab 816 has been selected.

Design view 817 shown in graphical user interface 800 is an example of design view 209 shown in block form in FIG. 1. Design view 817 includes objects 822 and layout 824. As depicted, objects 822 shown in design view 817 are an example of objects 210 shown in block form in FIG. 2. In this particular example, layout 824 is an example of layout 404 shown in block form in FIG. 4 for metadata 136 shown in block form in FIG. 4 for web page 118.

As depicted, regions 826 in layout 824 show portions of web page 118 where objects 827 are located. Regions 826 show relative locations within layout 824 where objects 827 are shown when web page 118 is displayed. Regions 826 shown in layout 824 are examples of regions 506 shown in block form in FIG. 5. Objects 827 are examples of objects 504 shown in block form in FIG. 5 and selected objects 211 shown in block form in FIG. 2.

In this illustrative example, operator 120 has used pointer 828 to perform a drag and drop operation to create new object 829. As depicted, operator 120 has moved new object 829 in the direction of arrow 830 to region 832. New object 829 is an example of new object 214 shown in block form in FIG. 2. New object 829 is an example of currency 316 shown in block form in FIG. 3. Pointer 828 shown in graphical user interface 800 is an example of input device 128 shown in block form in FIG. 1.

Commands section 806 includes a number of different buttons. In this illustrative example, commands section 806 includes save button 834 and delete button 836. Selecting these buttons sends commands to web page designer 116.

For example, web page designer 116 receives and processes the command to save web page 118 when save button 834 is selected. As another example, web page designer 116 receives and processes the command to delete a selected object in objects 827 when delete button 836 is selected.

As depicted, region 838 is located in regions 826. Region 838 includes object 840. Object 840 is an example of view 332 shown in block form in FIG. 3. In this illustrative example, object 840 is an example of a view in web page 118 for performing a search for jobs related to a type of career.

With reference next to FIG. 9, an illustration of a graphical user interface for designing a web page is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In this illustration, graphical user interface 800 is showing a number of graphical elements used to generate metadata 900 for selected object 902 for web page 118. Selected object 902 is an example of selected object 216 shown in block form in FIG. 2.

Metadata 900 is a portion of metadata 136 for selected object 902. This portion includes a number of graphical elements. In this illustrative example, metadata 900 includes label 904, identifier 906, a group of attributes 908, and a group of validations 910.

Label 904 is text that identifies selected object 902 as a currency object. Identifier 906 shows that the name of the selected object is “MyComponent.” Identifier 906 is an example of an identifier in identifiers 602 shown in block form in FIG. 6.

In this illustrative example, the group of attributes 908 shown in graphical user interface 800 is an example of a portion of attributes 604 for selected object 902 shown in block form in FIG. 6. The group of validations 910 shown in graphical user interface 800 is an example of a portion of validations 606 for selected object 902 shown in block form in FIG. 6.

As depicted, label 912 in the group of attributes 908 is text that describes selected object 902. The text for label 912 is entered into text entry field 913 for label 912.

Position 914 in the group of attributes 908 specifies where label 912 is displayed relative to selected object 902. Position 914 is selected using radio button 915 for position 914. In the illustrative example, the selection for where to display label 912 relative to selected object 902 is between at least one of on top of selected object 902, to the left of selected object 902, or to the right of selected object 902.

Attributes 908 are entered by an operator through user input. For example, an operator may enter the text for label 912 into text entry field 913 and make the selection for where to display label 912 relative to selected object 902 using radio button 915 for position 914.

In this illustrative example, the group of validations 910 specifies the validations for selected object 902. As depicted, required 916 in group of validations 910 specifies whether selected object 902 is required or not required. When selected object 902 is required, an amount of currency must be entered into selected object 902. Whether selected object 902 is required or not required is entered into check box 917 for required 916.

With reference next to FIG. 10, an illustration of a graphical user interface for designing a view in a web page is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In this illustration, object 838 in region 840 has been selected. As discussed above in the description of FIG. 8, object 838 is an example of view 332 shown in block form in FIG. 3.

In this figure, graphical user interface 800 is showing layout 1000 for object 838. Layout 1024 is displayed when object 838 in region 840 is selected. Layout 1024 is used to generate metadata 1000 for object 838. Layout 1000 is an example of layout 404 shown in block form in FIG. 4 for metadata 136 for object 838.

As depicted, regions 1002 in layout 1000 show portions of object 838 where objects 1004 are located. Regions 1002 show relative locations within layout 1000 where objects 1004 are shown when object 838 in web page 118 is displayed.

Regions 1002 include region 1006, region 1008, region 1010, and region 1012. These regions are examples of regions 506 shown in block form in FIG. 5.

Objects 1004 include object 1014, object 1016, object 1018, and object 1020. Object 1014 is located in region 1006, object 1016 is located in region 1008, object 1018 is located in region 1010, and object 1020 is located in region 1012. These objects are examples of objects 504 shown in block form in FIG. 5. Object 1014 and 1016 are examples of text 326 shown in block form in FIG. 3; object 1018 is an example of text box 330 shown in block form in FIG. 3; and object 1020 is an example of view 332 shown in block form in FIG. 3.

As depicted, object 1020 is for multiple views. In this illustrative example, the multiple views are for career center jobs. For example, when object 1020 is displayed in web page 118 object 1020 may show multiple career center jobs based on text entered into object 1018.

In this illustrative example, metadata 136 for object 1020 includes metadata 136 for objects 1004. Metadata 136 for object 1020 includes metadata 136 for objects in a layout for object 1020. As depicted, metadata 136 for object 1020 is combined with metadata 136 for other objects in objects 1004 to form metadata 136 for object 838. Similarly, metadata 136 for object 838 is combined with metadata 136 for other objects in objects 827 to form metadata 136 for web page 118.

As depicted, when an object in a first layout is an example of view 332, the object includes a second layout with objects that form the object. Each of the objects that form the object may in turn also be an example of view 332. In other words, when an object in web page 118 is an example of view 332, metadata 136 for web page 118 is hierarchical.

With reference now to FIG. 11, an illustration of a graphical user interface for displaying a preview of a web page is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In this illustration, tab 818 has been selected.

As depicted, graphical user interface 800 is showing preview 1100 for web page 118. Preview 1100 is an example of preview 138 shown in block form in FIGS. 1-2.

In FIG. 12, an illustration of a graphical user interface for displaying a source view of a web page is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In this illustration, tab 820 has been selected.

As depicted, graphical user interface 800 is showing source view 1200 for web page 118. In this illustrative example, source view 1200 includes metadata 1202. Metadata 1202 is an example of metadata 136 shown in block form in FIGS. 1-2. Graphical user interface 800 displays metadata 1202 as text in this illustrative example.

With reference now to FIG. 13, an illustration of a block diagram of data flow for creating and displaying web pages is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In this depicted example, the data flow may be implemented in client data processing system 140 to display web pages 114. In this example, web pages 114 have been designed using web page designer 116 in data processing system 122.

In this figure, an example of data flow for a process that generates and displays a web page in web pages 114 through web page generator 150 is shown. In this illustration, web page generator 150 is a program. For example, web page generator 150 may be implemented as a browser.

In this illustrative example, web page generator 150 includes control module 1300 and display module 1302. Control module 1300 receives metadata 1304 describing web page 1306. Metadata 1304 for web page 1306 is an example of metadata for a web page in metadata 136. Web page 1306 is an example of a web page in web pages 114 in FIG. 1.

Control module 1300 identifies layout 1310 for web page 1306 from metadata 1304. Layout 1310 specifies the layout of objects 1312 in web page 1306. Control module 1300 identifies objects 1312 from metadata 1304. Layout 1310 is an example of layout 404 in FIG. 5. Objects 1312 are examples of objects 504 in FIG. 6.

Control module 1300 identifies content 1314 needed for web page 1306 based on metadata 1304. Control module 1300 obtains content 1314 for web page 1306. For example, control module 1300 may obtain content 1314 from at least one of database 107 in FIG. 1 or some other suitable location where content 1314 is stored.

Control module 1300 places content 1314 into objects 1312 based on metadata 1304. For example, when an attribute in metadata for an object points to content, control module 1300 places the content into the object.

As depicted, display module 1302 receives layout 1310 from control module 1300. Display module 1302 creates web page 1306 using layout 1310. For example, layout 1310 may specify that web page 1306 is displayed as preview 1100 shown in FIG. 11 with objects for a web page used for performing a career search. Display module 1302 displays web page 1306 on graphical user interface 144.

With reference now to FIG. 14, an illustration of another block diagram of data flow for creating and displaying web pages is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In this illustration, the data flow may be implemented in browser 142 in client data processing system 140 to display web pages 114. Web pages 114 have been designed using web page designer 116 in data processing system 122 in this illustrative example.

In this figure, an example of data flow for a process that generates and displays a web page in web pages 114 through web page generator 150 is shown. In this illustration, web page generator 150 is a module in modules 1400 in browser 142.

In this illustrative example, web page generator 150 includes control module 1300 and document object model tree generator 1402. As described above in FIG. 13, control module 1300 identifies layout 1310 for objects 1312 from metadata 1304, obtains content 1314 for web page 1306, and places content 1314 in objects 1312.

As depicted, browser 142 includes document object model interface 1404. Document object model interface 1404 is an application programming interface in browser 142 for generating and accessing document object model trees. A document object model tree is a data structure that includes objects. These objects are examples of objects 134 in FIG. 1.

Document object model tree generator 1402 receives layout 1310 from control module 1300. Document object model tree generator 1402 uses document object model interface 1404 to generate document object model tree 1406 for web page 1306 from layout 1310.

Browser 142 generates web page 1306 from document object model tree 1406. In this illustrative example, browser 142 displays web page 1306.

In this illustrative example, modules 1400 include web page generator 150, hypertext markup language (HTML) version (v.) 4.01 generator 1408, and hypertext markup language version 5 generator 1410. As depicted, modules 1400 in browser 142 enable browser 142 to generate and display web pages based on metadata 1304, hypertext markup language version 4.01, and hypertext markup language version 5.

Web pages other than web pages 114 may be designed using different versions of hypertext markup language. Different web browsers implement support for these different versions of hypertext markup language. These web browsers have unique implementations for the versions of hypertext markup language. As a result, there are differences between the web browsers in how these other web pages look when displayed by the different web browsers.

Web pages 114 are designed using web page designer 116. Metadata 136 specifies what web pages 114 look like when displayed. Web pages 114 are generated and displayed by the web browsers using web page generator 150. Thus, no differences are present for what web pages 114 look like between the different web browsers when web pages 114 are displayed by the different web browsers.

The illustration of data flow for creating and displaying web pages shown in FIGS. 13-14 is not meant to imply physical or architectural limitations to the manner in which an illustrative embodiment may be implemented. Other components in addition to or in place of the ones illustrated may be used. Some components may be unnecessary. Also, the blocks are presented to illustrate some functional components. One or more of these blocks may be combined, divided, or combined and divided into different blocks when implemented in an illustrative embodiment.

For example, web page generator 150 may also store user data entered into web page 1306. In this example, when metadata 1304 includes a rule for storing the user data, web page generator 150 stores the user data based on the metadata for the rule.

As another example, metadata 1304 may be a first version of metadata 1304 received by web page generator 150. In this example, web page generator 150 may receive a second version of metadata 1304. Web page generator 150 may then generate web page 1306 a second time using the second version of metadata 1304 and content 1314. Web page generator 150 may display the web page generated the second time in graphical user interface 144.

As yet another example, control module 1300 may store metadata 1304 in a cache in client data processing system 140 when metadata 1304 is received. In this example, control module 1300 may also retrieve metadata 1304 from the cache in the client data processing system 140.

As a further example, control module 1300 may receive other metadata for an application instead of metadata 1304. In this example, the metadata for the application specifies web pages of the application. Control module 1300 identifies metadata 1304 from a portion of the metadata for a web page specified in the metadata for the application. In other words, the processes shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 for creating and displaying web page 1306 can also be used to create and display web pages of applications. As still another example, the example of web page generator 150 in FIG. 14 as a module in modules 1400 in browser 142 may also be implemented as at least one of a plug-in for browser 142, an extension for browser 142, a part of browser 142, or in some other suitable manner.

Turning next to FIG. 15, an illustration of a flowchart of a process for designing a web page is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. The process illustrated in FIG. 15 may be implemented in information environment 100 shown in block form in FIG. 1. For example, the process may be implemented in web page designer 116 in information system 102.

The process begins by displaying objects in a graphical user interface in a display system, wherein the objects are selectable for use in designing a web page (step 1500). The process generates metadata for the web page based on a user input selecting a group of the objects for the web page (step 1502). The metadata describes the web page.

The process creates a preview of the web page from the metadata (step 1504). The process then displays the preview of the web page in the graphical user interface in a display system (1506).

A determination is made as to whether the web page is complete (step 1508). At this point, the web page may or may not be complete. For example, the preview may be only a portion of the web page as designed thus far.

If the web page is complete, the process stores the metadata for the web page (step 1510) with the process terminating thereafter. For example, the web page may be stored with web pages 114 for distribution by web page server 108. If the web page is not complete, the process returns to step 1500.

Turning next to FIG. 16, an illustration of a flowchart of a process for designing a web page is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. The process illustrated in FIG. 16 may be implemented in information environment 100 shown in block form in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. For example, the process may be implemented in web page designer 116 in information system 102 in FIG. 1 and the data flow shown in FIG. 2.

The process begins by displaying objects in a design view of a web page in a graphical user interface (step 1600). In step 1600, the design view may be displayed in a web page of a browser in the graphical user interface.

The process receives user input identifying an object in the objects to add as a new object in a group of selected objects for the web page (step 1602). The process adds the new object to a group of selected objects for the web page (step 1604). The process then displays the group of selected objects for the web page in the design view (step 1606).

The process generates metadata for the web page based on the group of selected objects (step 1608). The metadata describes the web page.

The process receives user input identifying one of the group of selected objects as a selected object (step 1610). The process then displays metadata for the selected object in the graphical user interface (step 1612). The process receives user input to the metadata for the selected object (step 1614). The user input to the metadata for the selected object at least one of creates or modifies the metadata for the selected object.

The process next receives user input identifying a command (step 1616). The command is at least one of retrieving the metadata for a web page, storing the metadata for the web page, generating a preview of the web page based on the metadata, generating a design view of the web page based on the metadata, or terminating the process.

A determination is made as to whether the command is to terminate the process (step 1618). If the command is to terminate the process, the process terminates. Otherwise, the process performs the command (step 1620) and returns to step 1602.

Turning next to FIG. 17, an illustration of a flowchart of a process for displaying a web page is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. The process illustrated in FIG. 17 may be implemented in information environment 100 shown in block form in FIG. 1. For example, the process may be implemented using web page generator 150 in client data processing system 140.

The process begins by receiving metadata describing a web page (step 1700). In this illustrative example, the metadata may be received from different sources. For example, the metadata may be received from a web page server, a local cache on the client data processing system, a proxy server, or some other suitable source. The metadata defines what the web page looks like without content for the web page.

The process identifies content needed for the web page based on the metadata (step 1702). The process then obtains the content for the web page (step 1704).

The process creates the web page using the metadata and the content without using a markup language (step 1706). The process displays the web page on a graphical user interface on the client data processing system (step 1708) with the process terminating thereafter.

Turning next to FIG. 18, an illustration of a flowchart of a process for displaying a web page is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. The process illustrated in FIG. 18 may be implemented in information environment 100 shown in block form in FIG. 1. For example, the process may be implemented using web page generator 150 in client data processing system 140.

The process begins by receiving metadata describing a web page (step 1800). The process identifies a layout for objects for the web page from the metadata (step 1802). The web page is an example of web page 1306 and the metadata is an example of metadata 1304.

The process identifies content needed for the web page based on the metadata (step 1804). The process then obtains the content for the web page (step 1806).

The process creates the web page using the layout for the objects and the content (step 1808). The process displays the web page on a graphical user interface on the client data processing system (step 1810) with the process terminating thereafter.

As an example, in step 1808, the process may use web page generator 150 to generate document object model tree 1406 in browser 142. In this example, web page generator 150 uses document object model interface 1404 to generate document object model tree 1406 from the layout for the objects and the content. In this example, the process uses browser 142 to display the web page based on document object model tree 1406 in step 1810.

The flowcharts and block diagrams in the different depicted embodiments illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of some possible implementations of apparatuses and methods in an illustrative embodiment. In this regard, each block in the flowcharts or block diagrams may represent at least one of a module, a segment, a function, or a portion of an operation or step. For example, one or more of the blocks may be implemented as program code, in hardware, or a combination of the program code and hardware. When implemented in hardware, the hardware may, for example, take the form of integrated circuits that are manufactured or configured to perform one or more operations in the flowcharts or block diagrams. When implemented as a combination of program code and hardware, the implementation may take the form of firmware.

In some alternative implementations of an illustrative embodiment, the function or functions noted in the blocks may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, in some cases, two blocks shown in succession may be performed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be performed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. Also, other blocks may be added in addition to the illustrated blocks in a flowchart or block diagram.

For example, the process in FIG. 18 may perform steps 1806 substantially concurrently with steps 1808 and 1810. In this example, the web page is displayed on the client data processing system as the content is obtained in step 1806.

As another example, the content may be obtained in step 1806 from a stored copy of the content located in a cache of content in the client data processing system. For example, when the process obtains the content in step 1806, the process may also store the content in the cache in the client data processing system for use at a subsequent time in which the process obtains the content from the cache in client data processing system.

Turning now to FIG. 19, an illustration of a block diagram of a data processing system is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Data processing system 1900 may be used to implement computer system 124, data processing system 122, and client data processing systems 110. In this illustrative example, data processing system 1900 includes communications framework 1902, which provides communications between processor unit 1904, memory 1906, persistent storage 1908, communications unit 1910, input/output (I/O) unit 1912, and display 1914. In this example, communications framework 1902 may take the form of a bus system.

Processor unit 1904 serves to execute instructions for software that may be loaded into memory 1906. Processor unit 1904 may be a number of processors, a multi-processor core, or some other type of processor, depending on the particular implementation.

Memory 1906 and persistent storage 1908 are examples of storage devices 1916. A storage device is any piece of hardware that is capable of storing information, such as, for example, without limitation, at least one of data, program code in functional form, or other suitable information either on a temporary basis, a permanent basis, or both on a temporary basis and a permanent basis. Storage devices 1916 may also be referred to as computer readable storage devices in these illustrative examples. Memory 1906, in these examples, may be, for example, a random access memory or any other suitable volatile or non-volatile storage device. Persistent storage 1908 may take various forms, depending on the particular implementation.

For example, persistent storage 1908 may contain one or more components or devices. For example, persistent storage 1908 may be a hard drive, a flash memory, a rewritable optical disk, a rewritable magnetic tape, or some combination of the above. The media used by persistent storage 1908 also may be removable. For example, a removable hard drive may be used for persistent storage 1908.

Communications unit 1910, in these illustrative examples, provides for communications with other data processing systems or devices. In these illustrative examples, communications unit 1910 is a network interface card.

Input/output unit 1912 allows for input and output of data with other devices that may be connected to data processing system 1900. For example, input/output unit 1912 may provide a connection for user input through at least of a keyboard, a mouse, or some other suitable input device. Further, input/output unit 1912 may send output to a printer. Display 1914 provides a mechanism to display information to a user.

Instructions for at least one of the operating system, applications, or programs may be located in storage devices 1916, which are in communication with processor unit 1904 through communications framework 1902. The processes of the different embodiments may be performed by processor unit 1904 using computer-implemented instructions, which may be located in a memory, such as memory 1906.

These instructions are referred to as program code, computer usable program code, or computer readable program code that may be read and executed by a processor in processor unit 1904. The program code in the different embodiments may be embodied on different physical or computer readable storage media, such as memory 1906 or persistent storage 1908.

Program code 1918 is located in a functional form on computer readable media 1920 that is selectively removable and may be loaded onto or transferred to data processing system 1900 for execution by processor unit 1904. Program code 1918 and computer readable media 1920 form computer program product 1922 in these illustrative examples. In one example, computer readable media 1920 may be computer readable storage media 1924 or computer readable signal media 1926. In these illustrative examples, computer readable storage media 1924 is a physical or tangible storage device used to store program code 1918 rather than a medium that propagates or transmits program code 1918.

Alternatively, program code 1918 may be transferred to data processing system 1900 using computer readable signal media 1926. Computer readable signal media 1926 may be, for example, a propagated data signal containing program code 1918. For example, computer readable signal media 1926 may be at least one of an electromagnetic signal, an optical signal, or any other suitable type of signal. These signals may be transmitted over at least one of communications links, such as wireless communications links, optical fiber cable, coaxial cable, a wire, or any other suitable type of communications link.

The different components illustrated for data processing system 1900 are not meant to provide architectural limitations to the manner in which different embodiments may be implemented. The different illustrative embodiments may be implemented in a data processing system including components in addition to or in place of those illustrated for data processing system 1900. Other components shown in FIG. 19 can be varied from the illustrative examples shown. The different embodiments may be implemented using any hardware device or system capable of running program code 1918.

Thus, the illustrative examples provide a method and apparatus for designing web pages. In one illustrative example, a method and apparatus overcome the technical problem of the knowledge and experience about web page servers needed to design web pages.

In another illustrative example, a method and apparatus overcome the technical problem of designing web pages for display on different types of browsers. In the technical solution, the process using the metadata has a technical effect that avoids an operator needing knowledge and experience about a web page server. Additionally, the technical solution provided by this process has a technical effect of reducing the need for the operator viewing a web page on different types of browsers to see whether the web page has a desired display on those browsers.

Thus, the operator designing a web page may focus on designing the web page rather than identifying differences in the manner in which the web page may be displayed on different browsers. In this manner, the operator designing a web page may focus on how the web page should look rather than having to worry about how the web page will be displayed on different browsers or having knowledge about web servers to view or test web pages. Thus, the operator may focus on designing the web page for a particular look, feel, function, or other goal.

Further, when web pages are displayed on a browser on a client data processing system, the display of the web pages may occur more quickly, with less use of web page server resources, more consistently, or some combination thereof. For example, a client data processing system may display web pages more quickly because the web pages are generated on the client data processing system instead of on a web server on a remote computer. In particular, displaying web pages using metadata and content on a client data processing system overcomes the technical problem of having sufficient resources for web page servers to generate web pages. As a result, a technical effect occurs in which web pages are displayed more quickly on client data processing systems.

For example, when the web page includes a view, versions the view may be provided for political units. When the political unit is identified, the web page is created for display using the objects included in the version of the view for the political unit.

The description of the different illustrative embodiments has been presented for purposes of illustration and description and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments in the form disclosed. The different illustrative examples describe components that perform actions or operations. In an illustrative embodiment, a component may be configured to perform the action or operation described. For example, the component may have a configuration or design for a structure that provides the component an ability to perform the action or operation that is described in the illustrative examples as being performed by the component.

Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Further, different illustrative embodiments may provide different features as compared to other desirable embodiments. The embodiment or embodiments selected are chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the disclosure for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for displaying a web page, the method comprising: receiving, by a client data processing system, metadata describing the web page, wherein the metadata defines what the web page looks like without content for the web page; identifying, by the client data processing system, the content needed for the web page based on the metadata; obtaining, by the client data processing system, the content for the web page; creating, by the client data processing system, the web page using the metadata and the content without using a markup language; and displaying, by the client data processing system, the web page on a graphical user interface on the client data processing system.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the creating step comprises: creating the web page using the metadata and the content through a web page generator located on the client data processing system.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein obtaining, by the client data processing system, the content for the web page comprises: requesting the content by the web page generator on the client data processing system.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the creating step comprises: generating, by the client data processing system, a document object model tree based on the metadata and the content; and wherein the displaying step comprises: displaying, by the client data processing system, the document object model tree in the graphical user interface.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the generating step comprises: executing, by the client data processing system, instructions that generate the document object model tree from the metadata and the content.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the document object model tree is in a browser running on the client data processing system, and wherein the web page is displayed in a window of the browser.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the metadata is a first version of the metadata and further comprising: receiving, by the client data processing system, a second version of the metadata; generating, by the client data processing system, the web page a second time using the second version of the metadata and the content; and displaying the web page generated the second time in the graphical user interface in a display system for the client data processing system.
 8. The method of claim 1 further comprising: storing the metadata in a cache in the client data processing system when the metadata is received.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the receiving step comprises: receiving the metadata from the cache in the client data processing system.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving, by the client data processing system, the metadata describing the web page comprises: receiving metadata for an application, wherein the web page is formed using a portion of the metadata and the web page is one of a plurality of web pages for the application.
 11. An apparatus comprising: a display system; and a web page generator in a client data processing system in communication with the display system, wherein the web page generator receives metadata describing a web page, wherein the metadata defines what the web page looks like without content for the web page; identifies the content needed for the web page based on the metadata; obtains the content for the web page; creates the web page using the metadata and the content without using a markup language; and displays the web page on a graphical user interface on the client data processing system.
 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein in creating the web page using the metadata and the content, the web page generator generates a document object model tree based on the metadata and the content and wherein in displaying the web page on the graphical user interface on the client data processing system, the web page generator displays the document object model tree in the graphical user interface.
 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein in generating the document object model tree based on the metadata and the content, the web page generator executes instructions that generate the document object model tree from the metadata and the content.
 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the document object model tree is in a browser running on the client data processing system, and wherein the web page is displayed in a window of the browser.
 15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the metadata is a first version of the metadata and wherein the web page generator receives a second version of the metadata; generates the web page a second time using the second version of the metadata and the content; and displays the web page generated the second time in the graphical user interface in the display system for the client data processing system.
 16. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the web page generator stores the metadata in a cache in the client data processing system when the metadata is received.
 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the web page generator receives the metadata from the cache in the client data processing system.
 18. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein in receiving the metadata describing the web page, the web page generator receives the metadata for an application, wherein the web page is formed using a portion of the metadata and the web page is one of a plurality of web pages for the application.
 19. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the web page generator is located in one of a browser, a plug-in for the browser, a module for the browser, and an extension for the browser.
 20. A computer program product for displaying a web page, the computer program product comprising: a computer readable storage media; first program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for receiving, by a client data processing system, metadata describing the web page, wherein the metadata defines what the web page looks like without content for the web page; second program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for identifying, by the client data processing system, the content needed for the web page based on the metadata; third program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for obtaining, by the client data processing system, the content for the web page; fourth program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for creating, by the client data processing system, the web page using the metadata and the content without using a markup language; and fifth program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for displaying, by the client data processing system, the web page on a graphical user interface on the client data processing system.
 21. The computer program product of claim 20, wherein the fourth program code comprises: program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for creating the web page using the metadata and the content through a web page generator located on the client data processing system.
 22. The computer program product of claim 21, wherein the third program code comprises: program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for requesting the content by the web page generator on the client data processing system.
 23. The computer program product of claim 20, wherein the fourth program code comprises: program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for generating, by the client data processing system, a document object model tree based on the metadata and the content; and wherein the fifth program code comprises: program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for displaying, by the client data processing system, the document object model tree in the graphical user interface.
 24. The computer program product of claim 23, wherein the program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for generating, by the client data processing system, the document object model tree based on the metadata and the content comprises: program code, stored on the computer readable storage media, for executing, by the client data processing system, instructions that generate the document object model tree from the metadata and the content.
 25. The computer program product of claim 24, wherein the document object model tree is in a browser running on the client data processing system, and wherein the web page is displayed in a window of the browser. 